Apple Inc. Integrated Marketing Communication Essay

Apple Inc. Integrated Marketing Communication - Essay showcaseThe present study would analyze the business strategies of Apple Inc one of the most formidable brands present in the market. The choice of the organization assumes significance considering the magnanimous image of the brand that is known as a equivalent word for innovations in the business markets. Origin Growth and History of Organization Apple Inc is a US establish multinational organization engaged in manufacture of digital electronics and computer hardw are equipments. The company was founded in the year 1976 by the name of Apple Computers Inc and since then it has grown into a mammoth organization with a formidable brand image. In the year 2007 the company renamed itself as Apple Inc. The company is presently listed on the bourses of the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange. The company is presently headed by Steve Jobs one of the most dynamic business leading of the modern world. The company is known for its in novations in technology and bringing out cutting edge technology products that are unmatched by any of its competitors in the market. Apple Inc was one of the pioneers in the industry that knowing computers like mackintosh (Apple, 2011). Analysis of Companys Vision and Mission Statement The mission and batch of the organization is to be an groundbreaking market player that manufactures products that are unique, distinctive and highly innovative in the market. The main mission statement of the organization is an apple at every desk (Birnbaum, 2009). The company aims to create innovations that are simple yet elegant and are highly technology intensive. The companys mission is to bequeath the best quality and innovative products to customers across the globe. The company aims to be a global leader in its product category and has accordingly do a global presence by having a devote presence in almost all the major economies of the world. The vision and mission statements can be m ostly correlated with its business strategies that involved launch of products like I- telecommunicates, I-pads that are highly technology intensive and have attracted a huge attention from the target market audience by virtue of their innovative features. Product Portfolios Apple Inc has an impressive product portfolio comprised of a large array of innovative product offerings. unconnected from the companys traditional products like Mac the company also manufactures a range of new(prenominal) products including iPods, iPhone, and iTunes. IPods include portable music players that have a sleek design and highly attractive(a) features that allows audio as well as video files to be run by the user. I phone is yet another innovation developed by the organization in the lucrative mobile skirt segment. The unique product tries to amalgamate the excitement of a mobile phone with innovative features like polished graphics and computing options. The delightful looks make it an attractive option for any individual. Apple also made a foray into the software industry with the launch of the Apple I tunes. This product is essentially a music player that is compatible with both iPods as well as personal computers. In appendix to this the company has also produced software

Article Summary and Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Article analysis and Critique - Essay ExampleIn other words, this member exemplifies social attitude toward students with autism focusing on teachers attitudes to these students. The structure of the article proves its specific research design introduction-method-results-discussion.Topic of this study is pre-service teachers attitudes towards children with autism in the USA. A towering relevance of this result can be proven by the occurrence that modern society has shifted accents from autism intellectual disorder, preventing people with this affection from complete social activities to autismas mental disorder, not preventing people with this disease from full social activities. Children with autism were chosen as the audience for discussion not in vain. A current inclination of an orbit of growing number of children with autism expanding worldwide proves a necessity to initiate researches directed on prevention of this disease occurrence and the ways of its overcoming. The researches of previous years were directed on better understanding of nature of autism.This article expands the scope of autism discussion and is focused on pre-service teachers attitudes towards children with autism. Positive attitudes of pre-service teachers to children with autism indicate a necessity to support and aim their positive attitude further on.Literature review, which is a theoretical background of the paper, comprises 46 sources. There atomic number 18 articles from scholar journals and online sources. Years range of works is from 70s till 2009. Literary sources are specific and correspond with the topic of the given article. A presentation of different points of view of different authors justifies an unprejudiced theoretical background of the article. Moreover, the fact that works presented comprise four decades supports a valid theoretical background of the article.A section mental home of the article has subsections correlated with literary

Solicitors and Barristers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Solicitors and Barristers - Essay Exampleeyes, ears, hands or legs - and they either work in unison or complement each other in such a way that the result or consequence is seen as a perfect acceptance by a single receptor. This perfect, clock-like arrangement of the human organ pairs prove the point that in order to pass on greater, faster, easier and more accurate results, sometimes it becomes necessary to break up functions or decentralize so that at that place is greater efficiency in performance. Law, a study and practice followed by both, solicitors and barristers, has a great diachronic origin. (Symmetry in homes)1.The legal code began to take shape and take roots as early as the 8th century BC when the Greeks first became a world power and a with a firm, soldiery discipline, laid the foundations of a system of law which was initially draconian. However, it was superseded by a more methodical and kind system by Solon. Finding themselves in confusion due to violent revolt by the people, the oligarchy called upon Solon, cognise for his wisdom and uprightness, to establish a rule of law. Following a course of a difficult, bloody item of wars and dissension, Solon drafted an all-encompassing legal code which found favor with the oligarchy. (A History of Ancient Greece)2The Romans were responsible for improve upon the Spartan laws and many of our modern legal concepts were founded by them. They were the first to acknowledge that the citizenry had certain rights and actively pursued means to voice these rights to their people. Civil laws, contract laws, property and personal rights, use of evidence in a court of law, use of a legal will, atomic number 18 some of the legal concepts brought into being by the Romans. (Legal Concepts Based on the Ancient Romans)3.LawyersLawyers are called by many names - notably advocates, attorneys, barristers, counselors, solicitors, notaries. A attorney or attorney at law is an individual licensed by the state to adv ise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law and other legal agencies. Most countries today require lord law advisors in their juridical systems. Different countries have different systems and practices based on which the lawyers are classified. For instance, lawyers are invariably referred to as attorneys or counselors in the USA. In England, the system is more elaborately laid come forward where the functions for barristers and solicitors are specified. Elsewhere too, the functions are divided and laid out in such manner as is beneficial for speedier and fairer dispensation of justice. Many countries also follow the law system where a person who is not a qualified lawyer could be empanelled as a member of the jury on the strength of his or her social and professional standing. In countries like India, persons with a good history of social service, irrespective of his educational qualifications, are designated as special magistrates and allowed to settle certa in local disputes. Of course, these are only so at the lower levels where it would be otherwise very difficult to cope with pending cases. (Lawyers, Nature of the work)4.Coming dorsum to the United States, almost anyone can be an attorney. And in this situation, an attorney is similar to an agent, a person who has been officially empowered by someone else to act on behalf of the principal. Lawyers are attorneys at

Midterm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Midterm - grant ExampleSome of the legislations provisions do non sound fair, for example, a code number 2. It states that an employee of Ashland University, who has responsibilities with respect to education loans, or any agent, shall not accept any gift from a lender, guarantor, or servicer of education loans. This is quite unfair owing to the fact that, at times, an employee can be awarded except for services well rendered and refusal to accept it might be taken as rudeness by the presenter (Holloway, 2011). A loan can also be given to an employee on the basis of need and not on any favors basis hence, it turns out to be incon stancerate on the side of the employees (Holloway, 2011). Code number 6 forbids the institution from borrowing loans from various regionies. This happens to be quite unfair basing on the fact that once in a while the bank may happen to be pop up financially and the loan might be of great help. There is no crime in intercommunicate for the loan as lon g as the payment is guaranteed. Is any part of the code routinely break?The rule on accepting gifts from lenders is often violated. Why do you think these violations occur?The human part of a person finds it hard to resist a gift just because of professionalism. At times, one gets into a problem and is in a real need of a loan and the only option is the command party, hence goes ahead and breaks the code. What are the usual consequences of such violations? The consequences of such violations can be tough. The most putting green is being sacked.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Auditing - Essay ExampleAssurance service is an independent professional service, typically provided by CPAs, with the terminal of improving the information or the context of the information so that decision makers can make much informed, and presumably better decisions. Attestation operate ar consultations that evaluate the reliability of written statements that are other partys responsibility. Audits can be considered a type of assurance service but are only designed to test the validity of the financial statements. Recent economic issues drive increased necessary for assurance services. The banking and finance industry fiasco of recent years has made these services indispensible in todays market. There are differences between assurance engagements and certification engagements other than audits and financial statements. One attestation is that of an entitys compliance with requirements of specified laws, regulations, rules, contracts, or grants. A type of assurance engage ment is that of a sympathizer letter prepared to assure the recipient of the financial soundness company.The American Institute of Certified cosmos Accountants (AICPA) and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) have positioned the auditing professions to become assurance professions. Here, we explored the difference between assurance services, attestation services and auditing services. Furthermore, we discussed economic issues that drive increased demand for assurance services. We also identified one assurance engagement and one attestation engagement other than an audit of financial statements and the differences between them.The ten Generally sure Auditing Standards (GAAS) provide the foundation for all other auditing standards and interpretations. Here, we define the standard of due professional care and how a court might decide whether an audit firm met the standard. We also discuss why independence is frequently considered the

The marketing mix promotions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The merchandising mix promotions - Essay Example(Lucas) One way to cope with situation is to constantly stick in and innovate fast with balanced business strategy with right mix of buyers both giant retailers to the small tree shops. (Byrnes, Berner and Zellner). Simply, if we take an example of detergents, they were largely promoted and viewed as commodities used for the cleaning purposes however the new paradigm shifts in the industry forced giants like P&G to look for more innovative ways of promoting largely popular reproachs like course. The new demands from the consumers, P&G through innovative promotional activities remodeled the same and Tide was projected something which provides an opportunity to be a good mother or good father or good wife. I look at the mentation of enhancing and brushing up the bond between the commodity and its conterminous users is not the case as Revlon since long has been promoting that they are selling hope instead than cosmetics whence th e idea that the bond between the end user of the goods and the brand itself is not new. I consequently, believe that the positioning your brand as a proponent of generating the rarefied position of the brand to the level where it become almost a generic product with emotional attachment of users.Having defined the position that the Through Tide, P&G is rather selling an opportunity to be a good wife, good mother or father, I believe that this further necessitate a different approach towards the promotional activities which P&G use to practice in the past. Since Internet is now taking over the place of traditional advertisement channels therefore a more focused approach is required to direct promotional activities to the internet. As the presupposition that the brands must let the cat out of the bag to the consumers eye to eye rather than just focusing on what product can do for you therefore promotional activities for media should be focusing more on building up rapport between t he consumers and products

Plato Republic (Translated by G.M.A GRUBE) Revised by C.D.C REEVE Essay

Plato Republic (Translated by G.M.A GRUBE) Revised by C.D.C REEVE - Essay ExampleFurthermore, Socrates thought that this was the only way to properly conk out, to live the examined life. If the ruler of a nation lead the examined life, indeed this would be an example to the citizens to do the same.However, the problem is that sometimes rulers might have to make decisions which are not philosophically sound. If every single ruler in the existence was a philosopher, this might work, but one philosopher king in the midst of a world of regular kings wouldnt stand a chance. Rulers have to be more utilitarian in break they have to think about what is best for the largest amount of people under their rule. What happens when a decision that mustiness be made is in the best interests of the country, but it is not exactly philosophically sound? A philosopher like Kant stated that the only philosophically sound decision in regards to telling the truth was to neer lie. But we can all think of situations under which we can think that it would be less incorrupt to lie than to consider the alternative. The only way that philosophers could be effective kings is if we lived in a Utopia, but then how do we reach Utopia without philosopher

The logical system of the mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The logical system of the mind - Essay eccentricSuppose instead that we deny that the mind is some mysterious substance, and we hold instead that there be only cordial events and that the mind designates no to a greater extent than a series of mental events We can tranquillise inquire about the relation between mind and body in a different way, in terms of the relation between mental events and physical events. We can ask Are mental events solely different from physical events, so that you cant explain what mental events are in terms of physical events or are mental events somehow explainable as being the same as physical events For example, when basin feels a pain, a mental event is occurring now is that pain even possibly the same as something that occurs in Johns brain, such as the firing of some special group of neurons Now this question we go forth examine.The mind-body line of work can be introduced more fully with an example. Suppose John decides to walk across the roo m, whereupon he does in fact walk across the room. ... We mogul ask How is it possible that a decision, which is something mental, resulted in something in your brain, which is something physical If we say that the mental and the physical are totally different sorts of things, then how can iodine have any causal impact on the other How can a mere mental event, a decision, actually cause neurons in my brain to start firing The very idea might seem absurd.On one conceive , a better description of the situation is this Johns decision is itself a physical event. When John decides to take my trip across the room, a group of neurons fire in his brain. He is non aware of those neurons but the firing of those neurons is itself just the same as his decision. There isnt any more to the decision than that physical event. So, on the view in question, theres no trouble thinking about how a mental event can have a physical effect mental events are themselves physical. Ultimately, everything i s physical.The mind-body problem is a philosophical problem, and as such it has philosophical solutions. Those solutions lead to the adoption of a point of view about the mind-body problem, which, in turn, leads to a particular way of dealing with the world. Usually, most of us do not think about our own solutions to the mind-body problem, and, sometimes, we may use different solutions at different times. In the position Ages, the mind-body problem was not even identified as a problem, and, therefore, the solution then was completely confounded, heart and soul that mind and body were thoroughly bound up together in one complex and confound bundle.What is the mind-body problem Descartes helped to define it when he noted that if he amputated his foot, he had affected his

A memoir story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A memoir story - Essay ExampleIn all, a result that should be inspirational is left as disturbing and depressing.Structurally, the first paragraph could be better by placing the first two sentences at the end of the paragraph. Also, all of the activity that took place at the hospital, and probably the church, could excite been incorporated into one shorter paragraph and eliminate some of the redundant emotions. As an example, Kate gets introduced twice once in the opening sentence and again in the body of the paragraph. Paragraphs three and four are both addressing the muddiness of being faced with dying. These could be incorporated into one paragraph. The conclusion doesnt address the thesis. The premise of the essay was how lifetime is a gift, but concludes with the writer waiting in heaven for their family to die.There were a number of grammar errors, generally commas and the use of quotes. The quotes of the priest in paragraph four are used, but it is a statement of what he said, non his actual words. Also, the two sentences that comprise paragraph six should be incorporated into a semipermanent paragraph that expresses a whole idea.In some strange way the day I embed out I was sledding to die was the same day I began to live life to the fullest. It sounds alike(p) a hallmark card, I know, but it is the truth. place at the end of the paragraph When I left the doctors office I could not believe what I had heard. I thought I was going to be okay, I mean I had the hysterectomy, radiation and chemo. I did exactly what the doctors told me to do. He must be legal injury one year is not nearly enough time with the kids. I am not going to see my girls graduate, I will not be present at their weddings, I will not have grandchildren,should be a period here these are all the thoughts that were running rampant in my mind.I could feel my heart racing my breathing was erratic and shallow. I couldnt seem to catch my breath. I felt myself being sucked into a big black hole. Everything around

Sales Force Automation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

gross revenue Force Automation - Essay ExampleSales force automation refers to automating altogether the actions related to sales of an organization or business. This is a coordination of applications that chiefly center on scheduling and contacts forethought. Sales force automation actions are usu totallyy incorporated with opposite systems that supply the status of orders, inventory and products and other related data and provoke be a part of a bigger program of node relationship management. (Trai.org, 2005) There is a wide range of variety available in shape of packet and solution for all business levels to gain and transcend their sales forecasts. All these tools eke the knead of timely info provision which help the business to audit their present positions and plan their future. The tools available for the sales automation process include personalized software system, which are customized jibe to the specific needs of business. These solutions can be arranged accordin g to the needs of business and sales process of a company. On the management level the sales solutions for executives and management support them in making decisions regarding the sales such as setting goals, auditing the present position of companys sales, providing information about the marketing activities, undertake result assessment and predating more accurate estimation regarding sales of a company. These supporting tools provide the sales personnel with several benefits such as database supervision setting schedules and pass a note of different important documents. These tailored software can be easily indulged in the business system and can be transformed according to the specified needs of a company. The unaccented application of this software saves time. The implementation of this software also improves the control of management on the sales force. They can analyze the current position of sales activity in effective manner and provide all the important information regard ing the current position of the company in the market. Another cutting edge give birth of this software is the provision of security to information and data stored. Most of these softwares have in built tools which ripe all the information and data stored from the risk of loss or theft. Another important feature is the easily to reach and timely provision of information to the related stakeholders. SFA packages typically include a Web-ready database, an e-mail package, and customizable templates. A three-tiered architecture is typically used to separate the database, server, and application to reduce programming demands on clients. A module-based construct is generally used, to allow users to customize the package to suit their needs.In August 2000, Oracle released a free CRM software package, OracleSalesOnline.com that makes information - such as contacts, schedules, and performance tracking - available online through the included database program. The package is intentional f or medium-to-large enterprises with mobile work forces.

Reserch proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Reserch proposal - Dissertation ExampleRecently Saudi airlines have been criticized to be losing its clients due to their inferior customer assistant theatrical role and poor price strategy. client is the heart and soul of any trade sector organization, and if they are not pleased with the service or set aside product, then the business is doomed to failure. Any business need to be revolving around the key concepts of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. If customers are satisfied about a product or service, they keep glide path back for more and also can attracts more customers from the potential market. Big airline companies like Saudi airlines, need to keep monitoring their grapheme of service in order to be top in the airline industry. They should make best use of the CRM programs to enhance their customer relation as well as profitability. According to (Avidian Technologies,2004) Good CRM allows all of the information obtained to be shared among both the sale s force and the whole company. The right CRM software should combine all the elements of Customer Relationship Management, Sales Force Automation (SFA), and soupcon Management. Research Context I)Aim and Objective of the study The aim of this research is to assess the importance of the quality of service in improving customer service and loyalty in an airline service company. ... 2) To happen upon the research questions needed to be put off in order to establish the research study. 3) recrudesce a research design and data collection method. Specifically the questions which will be put forward in the research proposal will be as follows. 1. To what extend is the customers of Saudi Airlines satisfied with the customer service delivered by them? 2. Are the customers of the Saudi Airlines at the risk of leaving the airline? II) Relationship of service quality with customer satisfaction and loyalty Customer satisfaction is a very important beat in any airline service, as this is th e factor which helps in building the loyalty and the goodwill for the company. An unsatiated customer is the root cause for the degradation of any service based industry. A good customer service is not just about profitability, but it is about how much value a business gives to its customer needs and requirements. Customer service definitely has to have access to the customer marketing database. Saudi Airlines being a top listed airline did not give much attention on the needs of the customer but took them for granted. It is seen that many complaints occur from customer as to flight delays, low service from cabin crew, inferior seating arrangements and poor welcoming services A customer is paying for a quality travel and if the airline is not considering on the quality of service, then they will lose the current customers as well as the potential future ones too. They have to know what each customer has bought in the past, and what they would wait in future. They have to have a re cord of past complaints and compliments. Customer is the soul of a business firm, and if they are treated well, then

Higher education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Higher education - Essay sheathI agree that too many plenty ar participating in colleges. There atomic number 18 several opportunities apart from dismission to college, and they are all viable. There are so many people going to college, and the most interesting thing is that there is a high rate of drop step forward compared to those graduating. The graduation rate is low as described by Murray in his article. It is evidential that there are six months certificates, which are flexible as compared to four years, stay in college. In addition, most of the students cast up to six years in college they could have invested the time in more viable ventures. not all people that go to the college become successful. At the same time, too many people are joining the colleges leading the current education system into shamble (Murray 225).According to statistics, from the financial institutions, the competence of the financial students is wanting. Most of the people have tried to be fit and conform to the social norms of the union. No whiz is bound to fit into the social norm of the friendship, in fact, they must(prenominal) use creative and critical thought does decide if to join the college or to become an electrician. The fact that too many people are going to college does not affect or influence an individuals decision of joining the college. Joining the college must not me a communal decision but a personal decision (Murray 230).It is important to short letter that, not everyone who can make it through to college. Most of the skills must be learned in the nutrient and middle school. Murray describes the education system as a failing strategy. Most of the people in the society believe that everyone in the society must have a bachelors degree to be considered in the job market. People must do what they are good at and not what the society tells them to do.Money is not the reason for joining the college but getting a

Applications paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Applications composing - Movie Review ExampleAs Guy planned revenge, a twist in the shutdown showed Buddy confessing having had same bullied treatment before he became the manager, and this is his way of motivating Guy to succeed.Plot 2. heater Room is a characterization about discrimination and culture.(The world of business in movies, 2009). It is about a middle level executive (Ramirez), who got enraged when his U.S. based military position ban smoking in the office premises. If anyone wants to smoke, he has to go out of at least 20 ft. from the office premises, sometimes exposed to freeze cold or burning heat of temperatures. Ramirez who claims to have a Spanish descent, believes this rule is discriminating and disregards the acceptableness of the Spanish smoking culture. He was alone in his campaign after his colleagues left him in his stir due to office politics, agenda and convenience.(The World of Business in Movies, 2009).Let us first strike the fundamental concepts of organizational behavior. These are individual differences, perception, whole person, motivation, desire for involvement, and human self-worth. These concepts are transformed in the four models of organization that are described in the movie. Study looks at the concept of human dignity in Swimming with Sharks and Individual differences thru diversity in Smoking Room.Swimming with Sharks is a movie that reflects an organizational concept of boss-employee relationship that is defined in an high-and-mighty manner. It is a movie shown in 1994 scarce continues to share its relevance in organizational behavior studies today. Although the movie is done in a whimsical way, the characters played perfectly the roles in a conflict situation in an organization one that tries autocratic authority to compel obedience, and an employee-employer relationship based on fear. The movie gives credit to the saying the end justifies the agency, wherein the finale of the movie shows the assistant e levated to a higher

Confederation and Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

alinement and Constitution - Essay ExampleThe benefits of the Articles of Confederation including the signing of an alliance between the United States and France in 1778. The American Revolution succeed due to the uniformity that existed between the States. The government successfully negotiated to end the American Revolution. The Articles of Confederation facilitated the formation of an organized government that allowed inhabitants to jog freely in all the states. It played a crucial role given that it was formulated at a time when the States had no agreement. Most people were skeptical about the formation of a key government because the unfair treatment by the British was still fresh in their memories. The Articles of Confederation had a unicameral system of government in which Congress was the only branch of government. On the contrary, the U.S. Constitution has three branches of government, which include the legislative, executive, and the tribunal. Every branch of governmen t is independent. The Executive is mandated to carry out the law the legislative makes the law, and the judiciary interprets the law. Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had powers to declare war, negotiate peace, come up to foreign affairs, borrow money, manage the financial system, settle disputes between states, create a navy and build an army by asking for multitude from the different states. The U.S. Constitution gave the National Government more powers. In the U.S. Constitution, the central government has is mandated to collect taxes, handle foreign affairs, raise and maintain an army.

Big Fish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Big Fish - Essay ExampleAt his fathers deathbed, William crown tries to examine who his father is through memories. He therefore tries to understand his fathers exaggerations and the impact in reality. The overbold involve set-back person narrative and the chapters involving my fathers death shows William planning his final handling with his father, Edward Bloom, with a view of eventually understanding him.In the novel, William Bloom using first person narration literary style and this has made the story telling capability very effective. In chapter champion of the novel, William Bloom uses first person narration to explain the circumstances in which his father was innate(p) his father was born during one of the worst summers, drought and famine was experienced in the land there was scarcity of food. The story is as well as mostly told in past tense, despite the first person narration style. He also says that the birth of his father was a blessing, because on that birth day clouds formed and it rained. William Bloom also uses first person narration in the first chapter of the book to demonstrate the cordial relationship his father had with animals. He explains that cows and horses liked his father, and they followed him around and chicken once laid a mysterious small browned egg on his lap.William Bloom also uses a lot of symbolism as indicated in chapter one of Big Fish. For example he equates his father to a big slant in order to bedeck or symbolize his abundant knowledge. Edward Bloom read widely on Philosophy, Arts and History and some other literary areas and hence, his knowledge was more than the librarian or any other person (Wallace 137). The big fish representation of the father also illustrates his extra-ordinary ability of communicating with animals for example birds rested on his shoulders as he worked with his father in the field. William Bloom says that his father is a

History of scientific method Essay Example for Free

History of scientific method EssayFrancis Bacon was born in capital of the United Kingdom in 1561 and died 1626. He ended up being a great philosopher, an author, and the inventor of the inductive method, to a fault known for advancing the scientific method. He was the second son of Sir Nicholas Bacon and Lady Anne Cooke Bacon. Lady Anne was the second married woman of Sir Nicholas. Sir Nicholas was also the Lord Keeper of the Seal at the time, which is a job that would til nowtu on the wholey be held by his son, Francis Bacon. Bacon started going to Trinity College in Cambridge in 1573, when he was only 11 courses old. He unblemished his course of study there only two years later.After that he went to the school that his quondam(a) brother, Anthony, went to which was Greys Inn, where he studied law after his father died in 1579. Bacons familiarity in high politics started in 1584. He al counselings aimed to change the thoughts of natural philosophy and try to get himself in high political offices. However, Queen Elizabeth pitched non to trust him very much particularly he refused to agree to her request of funds for the Parliament. He decided to vote to eachow the subsidies but to geminate the amount of time it takes to deliver them.Bacon had emphasized the necessity of scientific improvement and progress. Since he failed to secure for himself a position in the government, he considered the possibility of giving up politics and concentrating on natural philosophy. It is no wonder, then, that Bacon engaged in many scholarly and literary pursuits in the 1590s(Klein). In 1597, he published his commencement exercise book, the seminal version of his Essays, though his income was still fairly unstable. I find it fairly humorous that Bacon be after to marry a rich widow named Lady Hatton, but was unable to because a man named Sir Edward blast was courting her.In 1617, Francis Bacon was made the new Keeper of The Seal, and was made lord chancellor t he next year and received the title of Baron Verulam. In 1620, Bacon wrote the book Novum Organum, which means New Method. He was the leading inspire of the inductive reasoning method. Inductive reasoning is the process that draws on the particulars of sensory evidence to form global principles(Fiero). He used inductive reasoning in attempts to improve the errors made by both Plato and Aristotle. Aristotelic philosophy was based on a set of rules that governed the consistency between conclusion and a alkali that was accepted as unquestioningly true Bacons philosophy was the opposite(Soibelman). Bacon turned his back on Aristotle and Classical science. He looked to remove errors by blind obedience of religions and traditional authorities(Fiero). Bacon was also warned against four Idols that coiffure clear and objective thoughts difficult. The first he called The Idols of the Tribe, which are deceptive things inherent in the mind of man, and so the entire human race has it.These may include that deal always try to fit things into patterns, even if it isnt actually in a pattern. They see what they want to see according to their beliefs because their six senses are flawed and are able to fool them(Terry). The next he called The Idols of the Cave, which are in the minds of each individualist and are based on the individual education and background of each someone. The Cave represents the mind. The persons thoughts wander, some nations thoughts wander more than others, through the cave of the mind.They lowlife be changed by the persons mood, education, background and habit. tribe result usually look back on conclusions they have learned in front or come up with themselves and they allow for tend to favor the ideas that support those previous ideas. Individuals also tend to favor different things because of their background or education. For example, some will favor differences, while others favor similarities. People will see different things dependin g on their interests as well. The mathematician will see math and numbers in all things, like the T. V. character Charlie Eppes from the show Numb3rs.The chemist will see chemistry in all things and the architect tends to see shapes in all things. The third he called The Idols of the Marketplace, and that one was based on the literal communication of people. It is based primarily on bad word choices and misunderstanding of others. He believed that, though people like to think they use words to express their thoughts on a subject, the words would replace thoughts all together. speech arise as substitutes for thoughts and men think they have won an argument because they have out-talked their opponents(Hall).Words can have several different meanings. For example, the word light could mean the opposite of heavy or it could mean something that illuminates, such as the sun, a lamp, fire, or a beacon. Another example of this is the word like. uniform could mean to be similar to, or it c ould mean to have a preference for something. Words can frequently work against what the speaker is truly trying to say. They can make things seem different than what was really intended. The last was known as The Idols of the Theatre, which are hindrances caused by philosophy, tradition, theology, and science.Since these idols are practiced and defended by the well-educated people, the less-educated people tend to middling accept their validity without question. This is how cults and even some religions have started. A person will take a single verse or small group of verses out of the Bible solely out of context and build a whole religion off of it. Using that method, a person could make the Bible say whatever they wanted it to say. The really sad part about that is that those cults will often still see themselves as, and call themselves Christians.People who follow these ways of thinking have children and grandchildren who entirely accept it as truth because its all theyve kn own, so it becomes part of their way of life and influences their way of thinking. In 1626, Francis Bacon decided to try an experiment on how the cold would affect the decay of meat. So he bought a chicken and stuffed it with snow. Unfortunately, he caught a cold, which developed into pneumonia, and he died on April 9th. Bacon was the man that set up the basis that let people like Galileo come up with the theories that they did.Before this peoples philosophies were based on double-dyed(a) faith and, actually, had very little to do with logical reasoning. He was the guy that disagreed with the way things were and pointed them out. Descartes probably would not have gotten along with him very well. Even today, we base the majority of our philosophies on reasoning rather than just human belief. Actually, Bacons Four Idols are, even still, good things to watch out for and avoid. They do pose sombre problems even if you arent a philosopher. There is a lot to be learned from the way Baco n looked at the world. Works Cited

Production - Establishing a Business Essay Example for Free

work Establishing a Business EssayThis School Based judgment is based on a traffic plan for Otaku Cafe. It is written with the intent to learn what it takes to start a business and to have something to use as a proposal to address potential investors and show the feasibleness of the business. Business Description Otaku Cafe pass on be a coffee bar where people can suffice and read and write while enjoying sweet treats and coffee. It will be a sole trader business that sells sweets and beverages made right in the shop, fresh every day. The main objectives of this business will be to hand 100% profit and to eventually open former(a) branches all the while satisfying customers and bringing unitedly people who have similar interests and reawakening peoples interest in books. Justification of Location The cafes side will be in Heritage Quay on the board walk. This is the chosen repair because of the flow of customers who pass through due to the other businesses in the argon a and the tourists that come from the cruise ship. This location is in town but away from the traffic congestion roads, water and electricity will excessively be easily accessible from the location.Also it is near the port, reservation it easier to get stocks from overseas. The lack of competitor cafes and the busy supply of possible labour from the surrounding area make this an optimum location. Selection of Appropriate bear on Skilled Employees Barista At least 2 will be necessary. They will be responsible for the making of quality beverages, handling the customers Assistant baker At least 3 will be needed. The auxiliary baker will be responsible for cleaning baking equipment and preparing and organising products in preparation for the baker waiter / Waitress At least 4 will be necessary.They will be responsible for taking customer orders and delivering them their meals and beverages in a timely manner, delivering the bill to customers and clearing dirty wares from the t ables. Sources of fixed and working ceiling The business premises, vehicles such(prenominal) as vans that may be used for transport of the product and raw materials, computers that are used, machinery such as ovens, coffee machines, heated display cases, freezers, are fixed capital, all which will be essential to the business but can be used to gain funds through their sale though they most likely would not be sold as they would be vital to the caterpillar tread of the business.Working capital will be gained first through small business loans from a mercantile bank and will later be created through the money made from the sales of the cafes goods as working capital is the variable types of capitol made throughout the course of the business that can be readily converted into monetary funds. Roles of the Entrepreneur Creating and setting the concept the business will be bases on Providing funding for the businessPlanning for the establishment of the business Organize resources fo r business operation Type of Production The business will be involved in the production of the service of providing food and goods to customers as nearly as an entertaining experience at the cafe. Level of Production Production in the business will be on a domestic level, only producing for the topical anesthetic market as it is a to a greater extent plausible level of production and to a greater extent fiscally sound.Quality Control Measures Quality control within the business will be maintained through the strict adherence to recipes set for products, the hiring of mostly ingenious workers and regular quality checks so as to ensure output of only optimum products and services to the customers. practise of technology Technology used in the business Internet Point of Sales system account statement software (QuickBooks) LinkagesThe business will be involved in linkages with wholesale suppliers or producers of coffee, tea and other such beverages as well as suppliers or producer s of fruits or fruit jams such as local farmers, producers of flour, dairy products and other suck materials needed to produce the goods of the cafe, to create an economic flow locally and to development possible output and profit. Potential for Growth Growth within the business will be judge and hopefully the business will have to eventually move to a larger location, purchase more equipment to keep up with product demand and if possible, maybe even open other branches across the island. politics Regulations As a business earning money it will be required to be registered and pay taxes such as corporate taxes which are 2% of profits, custom tariffs, licence for importations and applying for work permits for any non-national employees and fulfilling payments of Social security and Medical Benefits for employees. Ethical Issues Ethical issues such as the prompt payment of taxes, the correct labelling and advertising of products and the sales of quality goods instead of substandard or shoddy goods are all ethical standards that will be upheld by the business.

The North Korean missile defense testing Essay Example for Free

The nitrogen Korean rocket defense seeking EssayThe North Korean missile defense testing in the peaceful is a current event that can be considered to have a great impact in the world today. North Koreas neighbors and the United States are particularly concerned because it just raised the accusations that the North is keeping weapons of mass destruction, which could be more dangerous than those threats posed in Iraq. As Marianne Bray claims, the thermonuclear class has become a high-stakes no bluff game, where the threats are potentially greater than those posed in Iraq (Bray, 2003). According to her, North Korea might be using its nuclear program as a dicker tool to get attention, money, food and fuel from the outside. The article by Marianne Bray even if it is true supports the predilection that media can make or break a companys or countrys image. While it is true that North Korea has strong and big armed forces, ranging in about one-million men and some(prenominal) miss iles, Bray may have unintentionally led her readers to believe the far-reaching damage that North Korea can drop to the world.This may be seen as an exaggeration of the consequences of North Koreas power. Since North Korea claimed to have launched a nuclear underground test a few weeks ago, there have been doubts if indeed North Korea launched the said test as the explosion was only a small one and it still has to be confirmed if it was from a nuclear weapon. Clearly then, the article by Bray has widened North Koreas image as a dictator and oppressive regime which can be a great danger to the world.However, she only gave a little importance on North Koreas economic capability to endure boycotts from other countries and sanctions which willing be given by the United Nations. All in all, this article has been negligent because it has been impartial and inform more on the options that might be taken against North Korea by its neighbors and the United States.

Video games and Kids Essay Example for Free

picture show games and Kids see impression games sacrifice a positive and negative mental picture on kids. exposure games walk out the kids health, for workout lead to cardiovascular implication. alike affect their education when affecting their cognition. Others pic games effects on kids be when affecting their social and behaviors. Parents necessity to involve and regulate their childrens gaming habit. Video games attribute in big portion in kids behavior. Video game affect kids negatively could be a effective reason to suck a kid red and dedicate him a killer. According to Anderson, Craig A at Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence he tell that motion picture game. Video games affect kids and make theme risky. When the kids consume a lot of violent materiel, he gets confuse amid the reality and the fantasy. The kids gauge that hitting, kicking are allowed in real life. According to Anderson, Craig A, he sees in his essay Violent Video Games and Othe r Media Violence (Part 1) that the participant invites to distinguish between fantasy and real violence.AS result, the player exposes his violence toward his surrounding and become violent. Anderson suggest at the same essay that characterisation games are non only the cause for violence, but others effect as biological, neighborhood and family could attribute in this violence. Video games affect kids education and learning. Kids spend more time in playing sooner than finishing their school tasks. As consequence, they have a poor grade and low knowledge.According to KIRA BAILEY in his study A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control he said that after the three studies indicate that high levels of video consumption may be associated with a diminution in the efficiency of those processes supporting cognitive control that arise from interactions between anterior cingulated and lateral head-on cortex. Video games affect kids health in to o many ways. According to Dorman, Steve M. in his study Video and computer games Effect on children and implications for health education. First Cardiovascular Implications is consequence of less activity, because in regular army children adopt sedentary lifestyle at early age and they prefer play video games rather than involving in polar sport or other physical activities. Video games affect kids behavior and social life. According to Messerly, John G, How Computer Games Affect CS (and other) Students School Performance He said My methodology was simple I asked students all computer science majors in an nethergrad programwhether they knew someone whose scholastic or social life had been harmed by computer games.About 90% answered affirmatively, describing students whose fascination chained them to their apartments or dorm rooms for days, weeks, even semesters. Many admitted to having or having had this problem themselves. The effect Is exacerbated by so-called role-playing game s like Age of Kings, Dark Age of Camelot, and Ever quest, with addictive power so great some call it Ever-crack. Players create characters and alter egos in cyberspace living out their person-to-person fantasies, usually by adopting the traits they believe they lack in the real world.My informal surveys suggest there is something specially addictive, if non sinister, about role-playing. (29) Video games have a positive effect on kids. Video games could be a good way to motivate kids. For example, be a good motivate for the kids to finish their duties. Kids could be reward with extra play time, or earn their video games after finishing their tasks. Also a good choice of video games, like challenging games could make kids smart when learning about different subject. Video games could be a good help in kids education.According to Annetta, Leonard A. Video Games in study Why they should be used and how they are being used. In her essay, she mentions that the games are not limited i n played, but they could be a good explanation for real life. Kids get new information in the virtual world of video games without really knowing that theyre learning. Anneta , Leonard mentions in her other essay Video Games AND Simulation AS Teaching Tools. She says that the enticement of video games can be used to enhance K-12 education.Also the use of video games could replace a traditional teaching. She gives North Carolina State University (NSCU) as example, because they encourage video games as a supplement to normal instruction. Also she says that virtual-learning environments being introduce to school through (Innovative childs play Networks In Teacher Education), a synchronous, online graduate course1 and through HI FIVES (Highly Interactive Fun Internet virtual(prenominal) Environment in Science2. Video games play a big role in health field, singular but true.According to Healthcare Financial Management Video Games Good for your Health. The games helping in health are * Games for rehabilitation and therapy which aid balance and mobility in Parkinsons patients, others used as a distraction device to control pain and stress. * Exergaming which incorporate physical activity, such(prenominal) workout game, or games that make you move to get to the target, for example, kinnect. * Games for major healthcare provider Insurance companies met to discuss ways to use videogame applied science to solve critical healthcare challenges.Additionally, a team of graduate students at Carnegie Mel- Ions Entertainment Technology warmheartedness has developed a game called Project ER, designed to lower stress for 60,000 children who visit the EDs of Pittsburgh medical Centers each year. During a test run, the team gathered con statusrable research on how to deploy such dodgings in healthcare settings. * The rise in games for first responders and medical professionals One new game system allows health professionals to interact with 3-D simulations of emergency health care environments.Additionally, an online, multiplayer game trains physicians to communicate more effectively with their patients. Parents need to be aware of the video games danger. And also need to take advantage of the good side of the technology and guide their kids. According to website (media-awareness. ca/english/parent/video games/index. cfm) Amy Phillips says in her essay Console video games that the video games encourages teamwork, increase self-confidence and improve hand and eye coordination, but in negative side the kids could have trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality in the games.According to the website, the parents need to involve and have a concern about video games. Parents of young children should be aware of the following concern Young children may become more aggressive and fearful if they are exposed to high levels of violence in video games. The violence portrayed in video games usually has no consequences, and is often there for the sake of humor. Par ents need to watch what the kids are playing in the computer and video games. Parents need to follow up with video game rating. For example at 2008 study by the U.S.Federal Trade Commission (FTC) plunge that 20% of children under 17 surveyed had bought at least one M-rated game. A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that three-quarters of boys in grades seven to twelve had played Grand Theft Auto, an M-rated game. The entertainment industry aggressively markets violent media to young children. In September 2000, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released a report that exposed how the media industries actively target young children with violent entertainment meant for adults.According to the FTC, almost every video-game company they investigated regularly marketed violent M-rated games to children. For instance, the E-rated game LittleBigPlanet includes content intended to promote another Sony game, Metal Gear Solid 4, which is rated M. Toys based on action characters from games meant for mature players are often marketed to young children. Halo, an ultra-violent video game rated for players 17 and older, has spawned action figures marketed to children under 8 years old. Other issue is Childrens ideas of what it means to be male and female can be negatively influenced by stereotypes found in media.Video games are designed by males for males, and so by and large contain very few female characters. Those females that do appear are often portrayed as victims, while the male characters are the aggressors. The study Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles shows that young large number hold perceptions of gender roles that mirror how men and women are depicted in video games. Many games habitual among youth are either played online or downloaded from sites such as Newgrounds and eBaums World. The ESRB rating system does not cover such games.User-created content is an increasing part of todays games. This means that even if the o riginal game has a rating appropriate for your child, it may be possible to download additional content that is not. Games often have a multiplayer component which allows children to play with other people over the Internet. These multiplayer games usually permit conversation between players which is typically immoderate. Other people see that the video games have a positive side on general and for example using the video games in health and in school.

Influence of Reference Groups Essay Example for Free

Influence of Reference Groups EssayWhen you figure about graphic symbol themes, there are a number of perspectives that one has to consider. According to Hawkins (2010), a reference group is a group whose presumed perspectives or values are being used by an several(prenominal) as the basis for his or her current behavior. Thus, a reference group is simply a group that an individual uses as a guide for behavior in a specific situation (p. 227). Groups whitethorn be classified according to a number of variables. Four criteria are per centumicularly useful membership, cogency of social tie, type of contact, and attraction. Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. is a private, non-profit physical composition whose purpose is to stick out assistance and support by dint of establish programs in local communities throughout the world. A sisterhood of more than 200,000 predominately Black college educated women, the Sorority currently has everywhere 900 chapters located in the Unite d States, England, Japan (Tokyo and Okinawa), Germany, the Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Bahamas and the Republic of Korea. The Sorority was founded in 1913 by 22 students at Howard University.These young women emergencyed to use their collective strength to promote academic excellence to provide scholarships to provide support to the underserved educate and stimulate participation in the establishment of positive public policy and to play up issues and provide solutions for problems in their communities (Delta Sigma Theta, 2010). Delta Sigma Thetas website is about heritage. This site speaks volumes about how these women wanted to be a part of an organization that consists of excellence. These women have a lifetime membership within the sorority.The influence that this organization has, as substantially as the site, is remarkable. The information on this site will allow younger women that have the desire to go to college and be a part of an organization that helps one excel, not only in school, but likewise in the workforce as well. This site has all the criteria of a basic reference group. The social ties that this organization has within the world are by far the best for young women that are willing to be a part of change. People that have made it when it comes to financial stability may feel that they are affluent in the society.There are people that have made millions and they do stand alone(predicate) when it comes to affording the better things in life. Bentleys website is attractive because the vehicle shows class. The influence that this vehicle has on a somebodys financial status is undoubtedly the car of all cars. A Bentley is unmistakable all it takes is a glance at the twin headlights, matrix grille or the high waistline to know one. The riddle of the car is that although it is instantly recognizable, it takes time and effort to hand-build each one. Thats the assured Bentley hallmark.A hand-built car using the finest quality natural material s takes time. Yet, while others may do things meticulously or painstakingly, Bentley has forever and a day been about passion. In fact, our entire reputation rests on the experienced skills and passion of our people, handed down through generations. Many of our people say that they work on each Bentley as if it were going to be their car. They want to get it right. Its no wonder that every machinist who creates a set of upholstery signs the back of it with his or her initials (Bentley, 2010). Once again Bentleys website is about class and luxury.This site tells a story about volubility when it comes to high port. There is nothing like being comfortable while traveling on highway or down the street to the mailbox. People that are attractive to the glitz and glamour will definitely make happy riding either in the backseat of a spacious vehicle or driving behind the wheel. The six-time victor at Le Mans has made Bentley more than a car it has come to stand for a way of doing thing s with spirit, flair, courage, instinctive intelligence and teamwork. Endurance racing has always been a way for us to test, strengthen and mend the cars.

Effectiveness of Bollinger Band in Signaling Essay Example for Free

Effectiveness of Bollinger minting in Signaling EssayFinancial markets ar the virtually serious markets to operate in when determining the price at which stocks (bonds and foreign ex tilt be craft). Since stocks trade for gigantic duration of time, principals need to hunch over the appropriate time to defile or sell their stocks. To do this, they essential have perfect information on the cuts in the market through the market powers. These indicator are always not obvious and at times require expert devices to show exactly how the trend of a particular stock ha been moving for a item of time (Bollinger 56). A trader can calculate deviations of the prices of that particular that he/she intends to trade and observe it. Though this is one way of observant the indications of stocks in financial market, thither have been other factor of observing the trends which are easier to phthisis. One of these is the Bollinger Band which was developed by conjuring trick Bolling er in the early 1980s (www. investopedia. com ).Bollinger band is a technical indicator of a stock in the financial market which consists of a centerline/middle line and deuce bands that indicate the deviations of the stocks performance in the market from their pre-determined unbowed trading take to be (Bollinger 56). These devil bands indicate whether the stock was over-trading or under-trading. The upper band indicates the extent at which the prices went above the true value while the demean band indicates the extent at which the prices went below the true value.Through such indications, traders know when to sell or when to buy and make profits. When the upper band is high above the middle band, it means that the prices are high above the true value and when it is below the prices are lowest below the true value. These bands just now show indications and they are not actual buying or selling prices. When the band is high, it is utter to be expanding such that traders would want to sell the stocks while the band is below the centerline it is said to be contracting and the traders would be willing to buy the stocks (Murphy 344).Bollinger bands technique is used along with other techniques (like the Profit fantasy of tenor Transaction Timing and Dow Jones Industrial Average) to give the best results in stock trading. This technique is precise effective in that accurate trends can be observed since the bands adapt dynamism as the prices go up or down. The stock price is said to oscillate between the two bands (Murphy 348). They can likewise be customized to meet each traders needs. Bollinger bands can be set in a way that they only show what each trader needs in the market and hence the kit focuses on a wide range of investor in the financial market ( http//biz.yahoo. com ). They also show whether the prices are high or low and hence indicating the range of how the price had hitd in the market. This enables investors to know when to lay off nigh of their stocks and when to acquire more(prenominal). Mostly they would acquire more when the prices are below the centerline and shed-off or sell more when the band is above the centerline. And when the price is very oft close to the centerline meaning that the prices have not deviated from the true price of that particular stock, no action should be taken (Bollinger 92).Bollinger bands are also reproducible since they use the moving average which is used in calculating standard deviation. Thus they give sure information and at times investors need not require other technical analysis in making their sell and buy decisions (The Quarterly Journal). The Bollinger band also captures much data and hence at a glance one can tell the trend of the stock much faster. Below are examples of analysis of international stocks to show how effective the Bollinger bands are Intel Corp analysis for 2006 Intels lower Bollinger band close below the centerline on Dec.22, 2006 and this was a signal f or over selling of the companies stock. (www. investopedia. com ). New York Stock Exchange On June 12, 2006 the stocks broke the lower Bollinger band indicating that there was over selling. Through these signal technical traders would place orders to buy. The Bollinger band showed the extreme end of its lower band the following twenty-four hour period putting much pressure for investors to sell. Yahoo On Dec 20th, 2006, Yahoo Companys stock lowered the band which called for more buying. (Lifted from StockCharts. com)The chart shows that there was selling pressure on the stock and it turned out that most people were selling their stocks whereas the dodge was that of buying. Though Bollinger band analysis in the stock market has advantages, there are situations when this method does not give the expected results and it turns out that the market is operating in the antonym direction. Even if this is the case, the bands still oscillate and the trends will continue to show but the pri ces do not change quickly and so the effects are not that severe.Over time, since stocks trade for long periods of time the strategy will be correct and the trading goes back to normal (Rachev et al 126). IBM For instance, on February 26th 2007 IBM was trading below the lower Bollinger band. This meant that the pressure was mounting and forcing the technical traders to sell more. Since the prices were that low, the strategy was to buy stocks the following day on which it turned out that the day was trading low (The Quarterly Journal). This was abnormal in financial markets and this led to down fall of the stocks even greater.(Lifted from StockCharts. com) The stocks were sold well and the business would close below the lower band till March 5th when the selling pressure ceased. This resulted to the band starting to expand and attack the centerline although huge losses had already been incurred. Apple Inc On 21st December 2006, Apple closed below the lower Bollinger band which requ ired that stocks be bought the following day. The stocks traded on the lower band and thus the selling pressure continued to take the stocks down.This trend continued until 27th December when some alleviation was felt. (Lifted from StockCharts. com) In conclusion, Bollinger Bands are just like moving averages which contradict and expand as they move. As they move they form unique patterns that investors are able to observe. Bollinger bands are used as signals of when to sell or buy a stock in the financial markets. Though used as signals, they are not the lowest indicators as to whether the stocks are to be traded but other factors need to be considered (Schlossberg).These bands are easy to use and one need not go for classes to learn intimately how to use them in making decisions about stocks. Since prices in the short run are not predictable, investors cannot make decisions based on short-term period but since Bollinger bands are a reflection of a longer period of time, they ca n make their decisions on that (Schlossberg). List of References John Bollinger The eSignal Bollinger Band Tool Kit, accessed on twenty-fifth family 2008 from http//www. esignal. com/solutions/studies/bollingerband_article. aspx , John Bollinger Bollinger on Bollinger Bands McGraw-Hill Companies.2001 John Devcic Tales From The Trenches A Simple Bollinger Band Strategy accessed on 25th September 2008 from. http//www1. investopedia. com/articles/trading/07/bollinger. asp Boris Schlossberg victimization Bollinger Band Bands To Gauge Trends Accessed on 25th September 2008 from 38. 102. 154. 10/articles/trading/05/022205. asp Bollinger Charts lifted from StockCharts. com on 25th September 2008 John J. Murphy Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets A Comprehensive break away to Trading Methods and Applications New York Institute of Finance,Prentice Hall Press.1999 324-430 The Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, Spring 2007 Bollinger Bands Accessed on 25th September 2008 from http//biz. yahoo. com/charts/guide13. html . Rachev Svetlozar T. , Menn, Christian Fabozzi, Frank J. , Fat Tailed and Skewed Asset Return Distributions, Implications for fortune Management, Portfolio Selection, and Option Pricing, John Wiley, New York (2005) 123-145 Technical analysis in the forex / Bollinger band Accessed on 25th September 2008 from www. forexchannel. org/technical_analysis/bollinger_band/

The Skillful Teacher Essay Example for Free

The Skillful Teacher EssayIntroduction There has been a great deal of change taking place in the field of education over the prehistorical few years. It seems that every time we turn around a new approach is world annunciate as the best in terminals of check and armed serviceing pupils to excel. Most of these works come and go, as they to a greater extent often than non, involve fads of sorts. With earmarks homogeneous The Skillful Teacher by Stephen D. Brookfield and Teaching Tips by McKeachie at that place is hope that we loafer find the discoverer that we ever so treasured to be within us. In Brookfields book we see a personal approach to give instructioning savants and an approach that not only takes the school-age childs into account, al iodin excessively the teacher. In McKeachies book we find m both a(prenominal) helpful tips that we cigargont take into the schoolroom, no matter what the age of the student. In the fol crusheding paper I go away sh argon with you rough of the intimacys that I ache get a geted from these books and how I can utilize them in the classroom. Experiencing Teaching.Brookfield fundament wholey asks the reader, the teacher, to life at teaching, to break down what they love ab disclose teaching, perhaps why they got into teaching, and use that knowledge as a foundation for the process. Brookfield stretch breaks suggestions, and seems to primarily rely on the word and passion of the reader for the development of their own unique raft as it involves teaching. Learning is not a predictable and stable reality. There are rhythms to learning and students, as well as teachers, forget often find themselves at a insinuate where they are essentially stagnating as they have reached a level of burn out to round degree.Brookfield does not ignore these realities notwithstanding now presents the reader with ways in which to provide new motivation for learning, new motivation that helps students, and teachers, out of set up patterns. Brookfields method of a textbook in a narrative form is a refreshful mind for future teachers who can gain more from a story than a conjecture book. I found the section on muddling by means of to be enlightening. As teachers we never know what is going to break in a classroom on any extend ton day so the best we can do just abouttimes is muddle through and hope that we cause the re distich decisions.As a teacher I find myself doing this sometimes solely I purview it was because I havent been teaching very long. I had no idea that in that respect were really teachers out there that have the same. Brookfield states that this is going to be an opinionated, some would say polemical, book (p. 3). I believe at this point in our career, when we are either teaching or filmting ready to teach the opinions of those who have experience are more helpful to us than the theory that we learn. Real live experiences tend to stick in our mind better tha n a theory or formula that we might be able to incorporate into the classroom.Brookfield points out how historic it is to gain the perpetrate of the students. The teacher is, afterwards all, the teacher, not the student. The teachers position, in this respect, can be very fallible if the students do not trust the teacher to do their job well, exactly also maintain an intelligence that is above the students to some degree. If a student does not trust that the teacher knows what they are doing, they will not listen to what the teacher presents.The example that Brookfield used (p.4, 5) regarding how to get students to able up and actually take government agency in a raillery is a breaking point for all teachers. This instruction will be helpful to me in ALL future classes. As an instructor at the college level, the only way that I know if my students understand the substantial that I have given them is an open discussion of the material. Unfortunately at times the silence is deafening. While I understand that Brookfields work primarily addresses adult students, college students many an(prenominal) of the things that he menti unmatchabled can apply to students of any age.Again, this is an of the essence(p) aspect of teaching and learning for a student who feels motivated to become involved in discussions will feel that they are distinguish of the process, that they are part of the teaching process. And, along the way they, as well as the otherwise students, learn more than they thought they would. As Brookfield points out, a alike often students are not approached as though they were adults, a reality that Brookfield sees as very damaging to the teacher and learning process.Bearing this aspect in mind we see this counterbalance chapter as intriguing and very enlightening for college students do not need to be forced to learn, as though they were children. Students need to be approached as adults, from a teacher who is an adult and who is passiona te roughly the intact learning process. Brookfield admits that emotional problems, emotional outbursts will occur opus teaching. He does not avoid these realities, but addresses them and provides many helpful perspectives a teacher can take in dealing with such. FeedbackSince some students in reality do have a hard time with open discussion in the classroom the superstar minute paper is a tool that can be utilized to find out if the teacher is actually getting pertinent speculate across to the students. We all know that students shake their heads in musical arrangement so they can get out of class, but we never know if they actually understand what we are talking somewhat. This is a tool that I plan on implementing in my classroom in the future, several(prenominal) times within the semester just to make sure that everyone is able to understand the information that I am trying to relay. I believe that the muddiest point (Brookfield, p.38) will also be a significant point wit hin this one minute paper. While I know that we should not try to control what the students write, because it inhibits their searing thinking, they might actually need some structure as to what they should purge into their paper. In my experience, when asked to do a paper of any oddball, students always want to know what is expected of them so I might just throw things out for them that they might include in this one minute paper such as What was the just about confusing thing that we covered today Do you think anything that we discussed today will be important to you in your future?If so, what and why? Tell me what I could have done today to help you learn the information better. Since I teach an oral communication this will be a new experience for both the student and me, but I feel that I can reap good feedback by utilizing this method. Participation/Nonparticipation In McKeachies Teaching Tips (p. 45) the section on nonparticipants was something that I could relate to becau se it is so difficult sometimes to get some of the students to figure in any type of discussion.You never know if they have actually read the material assigned or if they just dont like to talk in class to a bunch of strangers. I really dont like to think that my students are bored but when students have a textbook for another class out reading it while you are lecturing, you have to wonder if you are that boring or if something else is just more important at the moment. In the discussion monopolist section (McKeachie, p. 48) it stated that if you have worked on nonparticipation effectively, the discussion monopolizer is less likely to be a problem.Unfortunately there seems to always be that one student who wants to be the center of attention and they wish to talk (a lot) even if what they say has no relevance to the subject at hand. There have been times in my classes when I ask questions and continually have the same person answering the questions that I actually say Now someon e besides (blank) give me an answer. Sometimes teachers have to do this, not in an effort to embarrass the student but more so to give other students an prospect to speak. The section in McKeachies Teaching Tips (p 45) about nonparticipants was extremely important to me.Because close students are used to being passive it is very difficult to get them to participate in an oral communications class. There is always so practically apprehension from students that is difficult to get some of them to participate in anything that the class does. I spend a huge amount of time access up with ways to get the students to participate in a manner that relieves their apprehension and anxiety. Some students right out of last school just dont have the experience in public speaking or people tincting skills that they need to get involved.Another instructor in my department gave me the idea to pair students up or put them in small groups of four or five and give them an opportunity to do diffe rent exercises to get everyone involved without having to be the center of attention for the whole class. Having rant sessions seems too pull these students out of their comfort zone of silence, because there is generally something that everyone has bottled up inside that theyre just hold to get off their chest. Brookfield (p 141) talks about grading for participation by establishing clear criteria for effective participation.He states that this should be done in the syllabus but I do not think that it has to be that specific in the syllabus. There are different ways to have participation such as in groups. I like to break my class up into small groups of 4 or 5 on a regular basis to have them discuss issues and solve problems. Sometimes its just easier for shy people to talk in a much smaller group. I guess that what Im doing here also ties into the scaffolding discussion and the circle of voices (Brookfield, p 143). Lecturing Planning stirs and developing power points are an i mportant part of teaching.In order for students to be able to learn they should not rely solely on the power points for their notes. Note taking is a valuable skill that students need to learn and keep end-to-end their college careers. Teachers should put key words on the power points and sometimes fun things that will get their attention. When readiness a lecture an instructor should try to make sure that they use words that everyone understands and use prevalent examples in them. I always make sure that Im ask the students questions as we go along to make sure they understand, even if its just What do you think or Can you think of any examples of this?. It seems that teachers too often merely teach. They merely recite the information the student should know, expecting that the students are listening and taking notes. They do not stop to listen to whether or not the students are actually responding to anything that is being taught. And, conversely, what happens is that the teac her has no real response to teaching. As such, Brookfield illustrates how teachers can become aware of what they are doing, and approaching the entire sweat of teaching from a responsive position.Brookfield offers suggestions to the reader for back up students to listen, for creating new ways to lecture that can get the students attention. Lecturing has often been a difficult part of teaching, as Brookfield indicates, due to the fact that learning habits discipline in the student the belief that a lecture will be boring and will offer no sense of creative thought. As far as lecturing creatively, I read Chapter 6 (Lecturing Creatively) with great interest because I want to make sure that I am doing things in my classroom that work out best for my students.Brookfield stated that we need to be clear about why we lecture (p 99). Having been in classes where the lectures absolutely put you to sleep, I want to avoid this in my classes. I tell my students to look over the chapter(s) tha t we will be covering in class the next session, with the motive being open discussions. McKeachie (p 56) tells us to make sure we present up-to-date information, to summarize the material, adapt the material to the students, help the student read more effectively and to focus on key concepts or ideas.When lecturing, teachers should try to break the material down into language that the students understand and make it as concise as possible. Talking to the students and then asking questions to get them to try to discuss things seems to be a better way to try and get the information across to students. I always try to give them several examples of anything that I am trying to teach them (any new concepts). This opens the door for more discussion, especially as the semester continues and the students get more comfortable with the instructor and their classmates. scrutiny and AssessmentsMcKeachie (p 73, 74) discusses methods of assessment. He talks about being open to trying something d ifferent and I think that this will be beneficial to the students. History tells us that if a student fills their head with information that they will be asked to regurgitate on a test and it is not interesting to them, they will not retain this information any longer than necessary. Unfortunately some departments require that you administer tests in order to dole out a grade. In my case there are specific playlines that are given, that we as instructors are supposed(a) to teach and test on to meet veritable criteria.Sometimes the information in a primary text book can be confusing if there is not any discussion that goes along with it. Giving students an opportunity to ask questions about what will be covered on the test and encouraging them to think about it for several days beforehand the test so that they can get any questions answered is a method I use to get see what information the students know and do not know. I think that one of the most common methods for checking fo r understanding is tests or quizzes that we give our students. I like McKeachies (p 300) approach of having students paraphrase things for you.This is a method that I utilize quite. I dont want to test my students to death because some students have test apprehension and I dont want to stress them out by thinking, Oh, no. Another test McKeachie also talked about not just knowing how to learn, but also wanting to learn and I believe that this is a study setback for some students. Unfortunately some students are in college because their parents told them they were going. You always see some students who egress to be very intelligent but just really dont want to be in the classroom. Class Discussions.I think that Brookfields chapter on discussion (Chapter 7) had some good ideas. It can be very difficult to get students to participate in discussion, especially undergraduate students. There are always some students in a class that just really dont have any desire to participate in any form of discussion. Im not sure if this is because they are afraid that they might say the faulty thing or that it might generate a question that they arent able to answer. Brookfield (p117) said that if a teacher makes part of the grade participation that the students think that they have to be involved in discussion to meet this obligation.I dont know if that is what all teachers expect. I dont think that any student should be put on the spot with having to come up with some type of discussion if they dont feel led to. We, as instructors, never truly know why someone doesnt talk much in class. It might just be their nature that they dont talk much. Brookfield stated (p 134) that some students are so shy and introverted that nothing footling of therapeutic intervention will embolden them to speak. They might be the type that listens all through the class to digest the information and then wants to talk about it at the next class session.Brookfield (p 134, 135) talks about studen ts being worried about looking stupid. Teachers should be aware that this might be the reason that some students dont speak up as readily. Brookfield said that instructors should announce in the class that there are no stupid questions. This should be one of the first things that students are told every semester and it should be repeated several times throughout the semester. Brookfield (p 135) recommends putting together a panel of former students for a discussion with current students to help put them at ease and I believe this something that I can incorporate into my classes.Group Learning Teachers do not use the group learning system as much as they should. I tend to believe that students learn better from each other than they do the instructor most of the time. ODonnell (McKeachie, 192) stated it right when she said that peer learning has the advantages of interaction with a peer and this is extremely important for young people. It sometimes builds their self-reliance in the i nformation that they know. Some of the students who are less strain might actually open up to a peer and share what they know. As far as peer tutoring I think this is something that should be encouraged inclasses.I believe that if we were to set up groups with the students who do well and those that dont do so well (as far as tests are concerned) to have them study together that it would improve the grades because I think that the peers can sometimes get the idea across to students on a level they understand. Writing McKeachie (p 214) discussed the various types of low stakes piece and that the most obvious thing to do is ask students to write about is things they are comfortable with, casual things, just exploring a consequence and to encourage the students not to struggle with this too much.Low stakes writing should help build confidence in students regarding their writing. This method of writing can be used in class or out of class. Out of class this writing could be a journal . I plan to use this method of low stakes writing in my classes by having them keep a journal, probably of humorous things that happen to them, because it will go along with one of the aspect of communication where I teach about short term and long term memory. mettlesome-stakes writing requires more on the part of the student, as well as the teacher.High stakes writing requires that the writing has to be good which involves explore on the part of the writer. McKeachie (p 217) points out that most readers of his book are not trained as teachers of writers. I can relate to this because I teach oral communication but there are times when I require students to write research papers so I need to become more comfortable with this type of writing. As a student myself, I have experience in writing research papers where the instructor wanted me to do exactly what McKeachie said (217) regurgitate material from textbooks or lecture.I believe that for high stakes writing topic selection will be the key to how good the writing actually is. I like the idea of multiple papers and drafts because I believe that the only way for you to learn to write better is to get constructive criticism. Having the opportunity to turn a paper in earliest for constructive criticism in order to rewrite it makes for a better final paper. With todays technology our writing suffers greatly because we depend on our software package to find all the mistakes, whether spelling or grammar.Unfortunately the software might not always recognize that a word is not the correct word and it decidedly doesnt always find grammatical errors. The old standby method of printing things off and reading them line by line and then paragraph by paragraph is still the best way to proofread. applied science Brookfields Teaching Online (p 191) was interesting but I am not a huge rooter of online classes. I prefer the human interaction that you get in the classroom. I think that Brookfield (p 195) was correct when he said that it is an advantage to take an online class before you teach one.Before instructors put together an online year they should keep the three core assumptions that are mentioned in mind good teaching is whatever helps the student learn, good teaching is critically reflective and how students experience their learning. If the students dont learn anything from an online class then it is not worthy it to take the class. If there is no interaction between students and instructors, just how much is it helping the student? A good online course should require a specific number of posts expected each week in order to create good discussion.The instructor may have to guide the discussions so that everyone participates. Brookfield talks about organizing the online course work and I think that this is very important. The instructor must put just as much work into organizing and keeping up with what the students are doing in an online class as they do in the classroom. How far techn ology is going to take us in education? Sometimes not being in the classroom is not always the best way to learn. In other classes we have talked about the millennium student who wants to stay in their dorm room or apartment and do all their classes on line.This can be a benefit to both instructor and student or it can be a detriment to both. The teacher doesnt need to lose the people skills that they have developed after time in the classroom. In times of inclement weather though this can definitely be an attribute since colleges dont have make-up days and generally the department expects you to get through a certain amount of information. Learning Facilitating active learning in a large class is something that instructors should take seriously. The idea of forming small groups and the think-pair-share method (McKeachie p 269) is a good thing to utilize in large groups.If we put the students into smaller groups where they can discuss the material they will get more out of it. It is virtually inconceivable for the instructor to get the point across to every student in a large class, but students tend to learn better from their peers, probably because they are not as afraid to ask questions in small groups as opposed to in front of the entire class. Having a goal as a student is very important to our career as a student. As instructors we need to help the students progress to that they will benefit from each of the classes that they are taking in some way and at some point in their life.As an oral communications instructor I not only teach them how to communicate in the business world but also teach them how to communicate with friends, family and their significant others. building their self confidence in the classroom will only help them in the long happen in the real world. Conclusion Brookfields book is a very diverse book that approaches topics not adequately addressed by other books. It is a work that touches on some of the most basic aspects of teach ing. It does not focus on the political realities of teaching, nor does it set out to illustrate how all other methods of teaching are wrong.It is a thoughtful book that treats the students and the teachers as individuals, not merely part of an institution. Of course, the opinions and perspectives presented are only those of this particular writer. In light of this the student should use the information presented as a tutorial to assist them in development of their own perspectives concerning Brookfields book. McKeachies Teaching Tips is a valuable guide book that no teacher should be without. All teachers should have a copy of this book before they ever teach their first class.While some students sell their books at the end of each semester, this is one book that should be kept for references, no matter what age student is being taught. This book covers many (if not all) things that will be encountered in the classroom. REFERENCES Brookfield, S. D. (2006). The Skillful Teacher on T echnique, Trust and Responsiveness in the Classroom (2nd ed. ). San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. McKeachie, W. J. Svinicki, M. (2011). McKeachies Teaching Tips (13th ed. ). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Abortion Essay Example for Free

Abortion EssayAbortion is the deliberate ending of a intent after fertilisation. For many years the morality of spontaneous abortion has been disputed with many religions condemning women from having an abortion. Abortion besides goes against many ethical theories, such as Rule utilitarianism and Benthams Utilitarianism. A religion that is strongly against abortion is Christianity. In Christianity it is believed that life is given by God and he only has the right to end it.The Christian holy book, the bible, forbids intentionally destroying a foetus. It is argued that humans ware no authority over the taking of a life as God is the creator and giver of life. Christians believe that human life begins as conception, devising abortion wrong as it is murder of an innocent life. Humans be born with the potentiality of decent an adult, and Christian Church is strongly against the taking of the humans life as it seen as performing God.Christianity rejects the taking of an innoce nt life as it is considered a grave sin as it goes against the ex Commandments which says Thou shalt not kill. This makes a foetus a person that not be murdered. another(prenominal) religion against abortion is Islam. Islam forbids abortion as it seen as ending life, similar to that of Christianity. Islam also forbids the abortion f a severely disable foetus as it is still seen as a human and whence has the potentiality of becoming an adult.Many women have an abortion as they feel they will not be able to provide for the child. The Quran, the Muslim holy book, says that the family must have trust in Allah as he will help them, thus making abortion wrong in the Islamic faith garbage down not your offspring for fear of poverty, Quran 1732. There are many ethical theories that are against abortion. One of which being rule utilitarianism. A rule utilitarian would be against abortion, as their basis for moral-decision making is following general rules.Killing is wrong and therefore a rule utilitarian would be against it, as rule utilitarianism focuses on keeping rules even if it does not serve the greatest contentment. Benthams utilitarianism would be against abortion. When applying his Hedonic Calculus to an example of a 15 year old, who is considering having an abortion it would be considered wrong to have one. After having the child the girl would feel intense pleasure and happiness and this would override the pain and repent she would feel is she had had the abortion.The richness f not having the abortion would be that the girl would feel the joys of being a mother and the extent of having the child would be the fumbles life would be, bringing pleasure and happiness to family and friends. To conclude, religions such as Christianity and Islam are strongly against abortion on the grounds of abortion is a mode of playing God. Also a rule utilitarian would be strongly against abortion as abortion does not follow the general rule that killing a life is murde r. Benthams utilitarianism would be also reject abortion when applied to his Hedonic Calculus, as more pleasure would come from having the baby than killing it.

Lucas de Groot Essay Example for Free

Lucas de Groot EssayBorn on June 21st, 1963 Lucas de Groot was born in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands. He is know as cosmos an influential Dutch type designer and has worked with and for, many well-kn suffer companies and publications. Between 1982 and 1987 he studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in The Hague under Gerrit Noordzij. Between 1989 and 1993 he worked on merged identity projects at the Dutch design group BRS Premsela Vonk. In 1993 he joined MetaDesign in Berlin where he worked with Erik Spiekermann on the development of the FF Meta family. He is most famously known for designing habitude fonts for prestigious newspapers such(prenominal) as Folha de S.Paulo, Le Monde, Metro and Der Spiegel. Aside from designing for major publications, he is also well known for creating corporate type for international companies including Sun Microsystems, Bell South, Heineken, Siemens and Miele.One of his major achievements, which he created during the outset of Microsoft, was t he creation of two font families. The first family was known as the monospaced font family Consolas, the new alternative to Courier. The gage font family was known as Calibri, the new default typeface in MS Word.He is in the main known for the very large font family Thesis (TheSans, TheSerif, TheMix, TheSansMono and later TheAntiqua) and Corpid (previously AgroSans). De Groot has also designed various custom fonts for particular clients SunSans for Sun Microsystems SpiegelSans and Taz for, respectively, the German magazines Der Spiegel and die tageszeitung and FolhaSerif for the Brazilian newspaper Folha.De Groot later on founded his own type foundry, LucasFonts, in 2000 due to his successes with creating so many successful font families. Its aim, in a hardly a(prenominal) words to make the world a better place by designing typefaces that look honorable and work well under any circumstances and in many languages. Graphic designers across the satellite have discovered the specia l qualities of Luc(as) fonts. They are attracted by their functionality and friendly appearance and love the enormous shake off of possibilities that each family offers. Many also appreciate the idiosyncrasies a quest for extremes that has resulted in some of the narrowest, thinnest, wittiest or boldest typefaces around. He is currently the head of the type foundry Fontfabrik.

The resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

The enemy of a conducting fit EssayThe issuings all proved to be so close together that it proves its not worth doing it for either measurement. Results 1 This table shows the imports we took, with the length in centimetres running along the side, and the voltage along the top. The corresponding determine in the table is the current, measured in Amps. I will now plot these results onto nine fork graphs and a last graph showing Length plotted against resistance. These results were taken in conjunction with tenner Cubbage. Each of us took part the taking of results. Final Results Length of Wire (cm) Resistance (? )Analysing and drawing conclusions all these results and graphs show things about the relationship between Resistance and length of wire. The final examination graph shows an almost undefiled forthwith line of results through the origin. This proves that resistance is directly proportional to the length of wire. If you look carefully on the graph you can fit a slight change in pattern after the result for 50cm. This is due to the fact that results were taken over dickens lessons, the first 4 one day and the final 5 the next.The slight split could be due to a assorted set of equipment, slightly several(predicate) components (different power supply etc. ) or even something as little as room temperature. If the results were taken over a adept period of time I have no doubt there would be an absolutely straight line. The results also prove that doubling the length of wire, effectively doubles the resistance. For typeface if you look at the results for 20cm of wire (0. 8 and then the results for 40cm of wire (1. 6 you will trip up that the resistance for 40cm of wire is exactly double that of 20cm.All this evidence supports the prediction I made at the start, that the length of a piece of wire does indeed affect its resistance, and that there is a direct and proportional touch on between the two. Evaluation I imagine my results were fairly reliable and this was mostly thanks to the system of acquiring an average resistance from each length of wire, using a graph to average out the results. As I said before, there is a slight change in pattern after the result for 50cm. This is due to the fact that results were taken over two lessons, the first 4 one day and the final 5 the next.The slight split could be due to a different set of equipment, slightly different components (different power supply etc. ) or even something as little as room temperature. The equipment apply over the two lessons may have differed slightly, e. g. the meters used to measure current and p. d. If the results were all taken in one go I have no doubt there would be an absolutely straight line. If you draw a line from the point of origin up to the fourth point you can see it is perfect, likewise if you draw a line from the fifth point on the graph to the ninth.I think this was a very suitable procedure and was certainly the most accura te way of performing this experiment. The precisely way I would improve it would be by taking all the results over a single period of time. This would avoid the split in the middle of the results. You could do another couple of different lengths however it wouldnt make much difference to the results. Just using the range that I have you can see all that you need to see to draw conclusions. I would like to try an identical experiment with a wire made of different material, just to see how different the results would be and then compare the two experiments.The real test for how accurate my results were is to calculate the Resistivity of my results and to compare it with the Resistivity that the wire should be. Resistivity is a property of a metal (whereas resistance is a property of a component). Resistivity does not attend on the dimensions of a component, only on the material from which it is made. We have done previous experiments to show that the resistance (R) of a conductor i s directly proportional to its length (l) and is inversely proportional to its area (A).The diameter for the wire used was around 0. 8mm. To put this into a formula, where p is the Resistivity R = pl A So P (Resistivity) = AR l If we take the results for 80cm of wire we can work out the Resistivity of Constantan (the mix wire we are using). In an A-level textbook I looked up the Resistivity of Constantan and discovered it should be 4. 9 x 10 -8 ? /m These two figures are fairly close and this indicates how accurate my experiments were.